Ingredient
Minoxidil
The best-studied over-the-counter ingredient for hereditary hair loss, available as a 2% or 5% liquid or foam.
| Also known as | Topical minoxidil 2% / 5% |
|---|---|
| Category | FDA-approved OTC drug active |
| Intended use | Regrow hair and slow thinning in hereditary hair loss on the top of the scalp. |
| Evidence | Strong — decades of controlled trials; FDA-approved for OTC use in the US. |
| Good to know | Results take 3–6 months and last only while you keep using it. Early temporary shedding is common. |
What is Minoxidil?
Minoxidil started life as a blood-pressure tablet in the 1970s. Doctors noticed patients growing extra hair, which led to the topical versions sold today.
In the US you'll find it as a 2% or 5% solution and a 5% foam, under brand names like Rogaine® and FOLIGAIN®, and as store-brand generics.
Key facts at a glance
| Type | OTC drug |
| Strengths | 2%, 5% |
| Formats | Liquid, foam |
| Time to results | 3–6 months |
How it's thought to work
Minoxidil widens small blood vessels and appears to open potassium channels in the hair follicle. The practical result is that follicles spend longer in the growing (anagen) phase and produce thicker hairs.
It doesn't block DHT, the hormone behind pattern hair loss — which is why some people combine it with other approaches.
What the research says
Large controlled trials show more people regrow visible hair with minoxidil than with placebo, with 5% generally outperforming 2% in men.
For women, the FDA has approved 2% solution and 5% foam once daily.
How it's used
Apply to a dry scalp, usually twice daily for the liquid or as directed on the label. Let it dry before styling or bed.
Give it at least 4 months before judging, and expect results to fade within months if you stop.
The good and the not-so-good
A quick, balanced look before you decide whether it belongs in your routine.
| Upsides | Things to keep in mind |
|---|---|
| Most proven OTC option | Needs daily, ongoing use |
| Inexpensive store brands available | Can cause itching or flaking (often from propylene glycol) |
| Works for men and women | Temporary shedding early on |
What it pairs well with
People often combine ingredients. These combinations are common — check with a pharmacist or doctor if you use prescription products.
- Ketoconazole shampoo
- Microneedling (not on the same day)
- Prescription finasteride — ask a doctor
A friendly safety note
This page is general education, not medical advice. Patch-test new topicals, stop if your scalp becomes irritated, and see a doctor or dermatologist for sudden, patchy or painful hair loss. Talk to a professional before starting supplements if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, take medication or have a health condition.
Frequently asked questions
Is 5% better than 2%?
For men, 5% usually gives more regrowth. Women can use 2% solution or 5% foam once daily.
What happens if I stop?
Gains gradually fade over a few months as follicles return to their previous pattern.
This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Speak with a qualified healthcare professional about your individual situation.
Find this ingredient in the range
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